| 2004 |
The rat genome is sequenced |
| |
| |
| 2002 |
The mouse genome is sequenced |
| |
| |
| 2001 |
Publication
of the human genome sequence |
| |
| |
| 2000 |
Human genome sequenced and
assembled |
| |
| |
| 1999 |
The Drosophila
genome is sequenced |
| |
| |
| 1998 |
The worm C. elegans is sequenced |
| |
| |
| 1996 |
An archaeon (and extremophile) is sequenced |
| |
| |
| 1996 |
The yeast genome is sequenced |
| |
| |
| 1995 |
A free-living organism, Haemophilus influenzae, is sequenced |
| |
| |
| 1991 |
J. Craig Venter describes
a fast new approach to gene discovery using Expressed Sequenced Tags |
| |
| |
| 1986 |
Leroy Hood develops the automated sequencer |
| |
| |
| 1986 |
Launching the effort to sequenced the human genome |
| |
| |
| 1983 |
Kary Mullis conceives and helps develop polymerase chain reaction (PCR) |
| |
| |
| 1978 |
David Botstein initiates
the use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) |
| |
| |
| 1977 |
Walter Gilbert and Frederick
Sanger devise techniques for sequencing DNA |
| |
| |
| 1973 |
Herbert Boyer and
Stanley N. Cohen develop recombinant DNA technology |
| |
| |
| 1972 |
Paul Berg creates first recombinant DNA molecules |
| |
| |
| 1970 |
Hamilton O. Smith discovers
the first site-specific restriction enzyme |
| |
| |
| 1970 |
Howard Temin and
David Baltimore independently discover reverse transcriptase |
| |
| |
| 1969 |
Jonathan Beckwith isolates
a bacterial gene |
| |
| |
| 1967 |
Mary Weiss and Howard
Green employ somatic cell hybridization to advance human gene mapping |
| |
| |
| 1961 |
François Jacob
and Jacques Monod develop a theory of genetic regulatory mechanisms |
| |
| |
| 1961 |
Marshall Nirenberg cracks
the genetic code |
| |
| |
| 1957 |
Francis H. C. Crick sets out
the agenda for molecular biology |
| |
| |
| 1956 |
Arthur Kornberg crystallizes
DNA polymerase, the enzyme required for synthesizing DNA |
| |
| |
| 1953 |
Francis H. C. Crick
and James D. Watson discover the chemical structure of DNA meets the unique
requirements for a substance that encodes genetic information |
| |
| |
| 1950 |
Erwin Chargaff discovers
regularity in proportions of DNA bases for different species |
| |
| |
| 1944 |
Oswald T. Avery, Maclyn McCarty
and Colin MacLeod identify DNA as the "transforming principle"
responsible for specific characteristics in bacteria |
| |
| |
| 1943 |
Max Delbrück
and Salvador Luria begin the study of bacterial genetics |
| |
| |
| 1941 |
George W. Beadle and
Edward L. Tatum show how genes direct the synthesis of enzymes that control
metabolic processes |
| |
| |
| 1934 |
John Desmond Bernal uses
X-ray crystallography to illuminate the structure of proteins |
| |
| |
| 1927 |
Hermann J. Muller demonstrates
that X-rays can induce mutations |
| |
| |
| 1913 |
Alfred H. Sturtevant
creates the first gene map |
| |
| |
| 1910 |
Thomas Hunt Morgan establishes
the chromosomal theory of heredity |
| |
| |
| 1909 |
Wilhelm Johannsen provides
basic terminology for genetics |
| |
| |
| 1908 |
Archibald E. Garrod postulates
that genetic defects cause many inherited diseases |
| |
| |
| 1904 |
William Bateson describes
gene linkage, showing that more than one gene may be required for a particular
characteristic or trait |
| |
| |
| 1902 |
Theodor Boveri and
Walter Sutton propose that chromosomes bear hereditary factors in accordance
with Mendalian laws |
| |
| |
| 1900 |
Independently
of one another, Hugo de Vries, Erich von Tschermak and Carl Correns rediscover
Mendel's published, but long neglected, paper outlining the basic laws of
inheritance |
| |
| |
| 1888 |
Theodor Boveri
establishes the individuality and continuity of chromosomes |
| |
| |
| 1882 |
Walther Flemming discovers
a substance he calls chromatin |
| |
| |
| 1876 |
Francis Galton offers a statistical
approach to understanding inheritance |
| |
| |
| 1869 |
Johann Friedrich Miescher
extracts what comes to be known as DNA from the nuclei of white blood cells |
| |
| |
| 1866 |
Gregor Mendel publishes "Experiments
in Plant Hybridisation," establishing the basic laws of inheritance |
| |
| |
| 1859 |
Charles Darwin publishes On
the Origin of Species |
| |
| |
